Majoritatea parintilor isi doresc sa ii fereasca pe cei mici de suferinta provocata de problemele dentare si de disconfortul tratamentelor stomatologice, de multe ori pentru ca ei insisi au trecut prin astfel de experiente mai putin placute in copilarie.
Deoarece bazele unei danturi frumoase si sanatoase se pun inca din primii ani de viata, doamna doctor Mihaela Dan, specialist ortodont in cadrul Clinicii Orto-Implant Expert, sfatuieste parintii sa acorde o atentie deosebita sanatatii dentare a copiilor, care necesita anumite masuri specifice de ingrijire in fiecare etapa de varsta.
Igiena orala si dinti sanatosi sunt importante la orice varsta, dar mai ales in copilarie. Daca dentitia primara este sanatoasa si corect aliniata, vor fi create premisele dezvoltarii dintilor permanenti in locul potrivit, iar cel mic va putea sa mestece in mod corespunzator si sa vorbeasca cat mai clar.
In perioada 6 luni -2,5 ani
Desi incep sa se formeze inca din viata intrauterina, primul dinte de lapte erupe, de obicei, in jurul varstei de 6 luni, iar ultimul la aproximativ 2 ani si jumatate.
"Inca dinainte de eruptia lor, parintele ar trebui sa curete gingia copilului cu o bucata de bumbac foarte moale, iar apoi dintii vor fi curatati de 2 ori pe zi, la inceput cu un degetar de silicon, iar mai tarziu cu periuta dentara moale. Tot in acesta perioada trebuie sa evitam sa lasam copilul sa adoarma cu biberonul cu lapte sau lichide indulcite (ceai, suc), deoarece acestea ramase in gura vreme indelungata vor produce acizi care vor cauza cariile (asa-numita carie de biberon). Intotdeauna dupa consumarea lor, copilul trebuie sa bea apa sau sa fie spalat pe dinti", recomanda doamna doctor Mihaela Dan.
In jurul varstei de 1 an, copilul invata sa mearga, se joaca si risca sa cada, accidentandu-si dintii. Tot acum este si timpul pentru prima vizita de rutina la cabinetul stomatologic.
In perioada 2,5- 6 ani
Odata cu intrarea in colectivitate, copilul se imbolnaveste destul de des, fapt care ar putea favoriza aparitia unor probleme de ordin dentar.
"Racelile frecvente, ca si polipii care il impiedica pe copil sa respire pe nas, trebuie tratate deoarece respiratia pe gura produce deformari ale dintilor si maxilarelor. Aceleasi efecte, care vor necesita mai tarziu aparat dentar pentru corectare, sunt produse de sugerea degetului sau a suzetei. Tot de la aceasta varsta copilul incepe sa se perie singur pe dinti, insa va trebui sa fie ajutat de catre parinte, deoarece nu are dexteritatea necesara pana cand nu deprinde corect scrierea cursiva. Daca cel mic a invatat sa scuipe, se poate folosi pasta de dinti cu fluor de dimensiunea unui bob de mazare. Periajul trebuie sa aiba loc de doua ori pe zi, iar de acum parintele poate folosi ata dentara pentru curatarea spatiilor interdentare ale copilului, in care periuta nu ajunge", explica specialistul ortodont.
Ingrijirea corespunzatoare in aceasta etapa este esentiala, deoarece dintii de lapte sunt importanti pentru dezvoltarea sanatoasa a copilului. Nu numai ca ajuta copiii sa mestece si sa vorbeasca in mod corespunzator, dar, de asemenea, pregatesc spatiul necesar pentru dezvoltarea dintilor permanenti.
Smaltul dintilor de lapte este mai putin rezistent decat al adultului, asadar vizitele regulate la cabinetul stomatologic trebuie continuate, pentru a descoperi si trata din timp orice problema dentara. In acesta perioada, copilul incepe sa practice diverse sporturi, care ar putea produce traumatisme dintilor, asadar acestia trebuie protejati cu dispozitive speciale de silicon.
In perioada 6-12 ani
Aceasta este perioada inlocuirii dintilor de lapte. Imediat dupa eruptia dintilor permanenti, in special a molarilor de 6 ani, este recomandata sigilarea lor – o metoda foarte eficienta pentru prevenirea cariei.
"Cu cat sunt tratate mai devreme cu ajutorul aparatului dentar, cu atat se vor rezolva mai repede, cu costuri mai mici si disconfort mai redus, astfel ca, in mod ideal, la varsta de 6-7 ani trebuie sa aiba loc primul consult ortodontic. In aceasta etapa specialistul poate evalua daca exista suficient spatiul pentru alinierea dintilor, daca ocluzia (muscatura) este normala, iar cele doua maxilare sunt pozitionate corect unul fata de celalalt. Igienizarea dentara trebuie sa continue riguros, la fel si controlul de rutina pentru depistarea cariilor si a problemelor gingivale", explica doamna doctor.
In perioada 12-18 ani
Copiii devin de la varste din ce in ce mai mici constienti de aspectul lor, astfel ca multi dintre ei isi doresc aparat dentar pentru indreptarea dintilor.
"Se intampla destul de frecvent ca pana la varsta de 15 ani multi dintre ei sa nu acorde atentia necesara periajului si astfel apar cariile dentare. In jurul varstei de 16 ani ar trebui facuta o radiografie panoramica pentru a vedea daca molarii de minte care se pregatesc sa iasa au loc sau imping dintii, riscand sa produca inghesuiri dentare si chiar carii pe dintii vecini. In acesta situatie se extrag de urgenta, nu se asteapta pana la 18 ani, deoarece neplacerile provocate de eruptia lor sunt mai greu de tratat", recomanda doamna doctor Mihaela Dan.
Dintii nesanatosi, aglomerati, strambi pot crea numeroase probleme, de la durere si dificultati in a manca, pana la dificultati in dezvoltarea generala a copilului. Asadar, ingrijirea dentara trebuie sa inceapa inca din copilarie si sa seteze o serie de deprinderi sanatoase si necesare intreaga viata.
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