
Multe femei gravide acuza cel putin cateva simptome de greturi si varsaturi in timpul sarcinii. Aceasta stare este cunoscuta sub numele de "greturi de dimineata", dar ea poate aparea in orice moment al zilei. Hiperezema este o forma severa a varsaturilor matinale, care continua si dupa sfarsitul primului trimestru.
Greturi matinale in primul trimestru de sarcina
Nu exista o cauza exacta a greturilor de dimineata, dar multi doctori considera ca ele pot fi determinate de cresterile rapide a secretiilor de hormoni in timpul sarcinii. Desi aceasta stare de rau este neplacuta, ea este de regula usoara si dispare de la sine dupa primul trimestru de sarcina.
Faptul ca o femeie insarcinata are varsaturi, este un lucru considerat obisnuit. Insa ele nu trebuie tratate cu indulgenta. Varsaturile "abundente" si dese sunt un semnal de alarma. La inceput, femeia nu trebuie sa se alarmeze, dar varsaturile nu trebuie tratate cu nepasare.
Varsaturile excesive in sarcina
In cazul altor femei, greturile de dimineata sunt atat de frecvente si de grave, incat daca nu se acorda o ingrijire medicala corespunzatoare, atat sanatatea femeii, cat si a copilului ei nenascut pot fi compromise.
Greata puternica si continua si varsaturile din timpul sarcinii sunt numite hiperezema de sarcina (Hyperemesis Gravidarum - HG). Ca si greturile de dimineata, ele pot aparea in orice moment al zilei. In vreme ce greturile de dimineata dispar in general in primul trimestru, hiperemeza continua de regula pana intr-un stadiu mai avansat al sarcinii. Ca si in cazul greturilor matinale, cauza exacta a fenomenului de hiperemeza nu este cunoscuta.
Care sunt simptomele hiperemezei?
Aceasta afectiune poate deveni istovitor. Multe femei insarcinate nu pot retine mancarea si bautura. Daca nu este tratat, fenomenul poate conduce rapid la deshidratare si malnutritie. Hiperezema poate afecta si viata personala a femeii. Varsaturile frecvente pot impiedica gravida sa duca la indeplinire activitati obisnuite, de exemplu sa aiba grija de ea insasi, de familie sau sa munceasca. Aceasta duce si la cresterea presiunii asupra celor dragi.
Femeia insarcinata care sufera de hiperemeza se confrunta cu mai multe neplaceri decat greata si varsaturile. Starea de rau perpetua poate avea consecinte grave nu numai asupra trupului unei femei, ci si asupra spiritului ei. Multe gravide resimt o serie de emotii atunci cand sufera de aceasta afectiune, dar toate sunt normale. Unele femei, insa, pot intra intr-o stare de depresie.
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Tratamentul hiperezemei
Tratamentul hiperezemei depinde de gravitatea acestuia. Femeile sunt sfatuite sa serveasca portii mici de mancare si bautura in decursul unei zile. Cand greata si varsaturile devin grave, se pune mai putin accent asupra a ceea ce se consuma. Cu alte cuvinte, mananca orice iti trezeste pofta.
Cand nu ai fost in stare sa retii nimic in stomac pentru o vreme, orice e mai bine decat nimic. Exista anumite medicamente care pot fi folosite pentru a preveni greturile. Aceste medicamente se pot elibera numai pe baza de reteta si se administreaza numai sub indrumarea medicului.
Pentru gravidele care nu gasesc nicio usurare prin medicatie, exista o alta schema de tratament, utilizand fluide intravenoase si electroliti. Aceasta presupune spitalizarea timp de cateva zile sau terapia cu fluide intravenoase acasa.
Un sistem eficient de ajutor este foarte important pentru femeile care sufera de hiperezema. Este la fel de important si sa ai un doctor care ia in serios acest sindrom! Vestea buna este ca afectiunea nu dureaza pentru totdeauna. In cele mai multe cazuri, el dispare pana in saptamana a 20-a de sarcina. E esential sa nu-ti fie teama sa ceri ajutor! Tot raul si toate durerile vor fi uitate cand in sfarsit iti vei intalni copilul.
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