Acest "standard de aur" in alimentatia sugarului, pe care il reprezinta laptele matern, a fost copiat in realizarea unor formule de lapte, folosite atunci cand bebelusul nu poate fi alaptat. Desi aprox 80% dintre nou-nascuti sunt alimentati la san, numarul acestora scade vertiginos dupa 6 luni.
Alimentatia artificiala, indicata bebelusilor ce nu pot beneficia de laptele matern, a facut progrese semnificative in ultimul secol.
Compozitia formulelor de lapte este adusa tot mai aproape de cea a laptelui matern, "standardul de aur" in alimentatia sugarilor.
Un numar din ce in ce mai mare de bebelusi sunt alimentati cu ajutorul acestor formule de lapte. Relatia afectiva dintre mama si copil exista si in cazul hranirii cu biberonul. In timpul mesei, ei se examineaza reciproc, isi vorbesc si cu timpul, sugarul manifesta o reactie de inviorare la vederea biberonului.
Este bine de stiut ca formulele de lapte sunt supuse celor mai stricte norme de evaluare si control si de asemenea trebuie sa corespunda standardelor impuse de organizatiile mondiale (ex. ESPGHAN ).
Formulele de lapte se impart in: formule de start si formule de continuare. Varsta de la care se pot da bebelusilor este inscrisa pe ambalaj, iar perioada administrarii este pe toata durata hranirii cu biberonul. Ex: Humana 2 - minim 6 luni Humana 3 - minim 8 luni
Ele au ca punct de plecare laptele de vaca, dar acesta este prelucrat in asa fel incat sa se apropie cat mai mult de laptele matern.
Este imbogatit cu elemente nutritive, necesare cresterii si dezvoltarii bebelusului, in procent asemanator cu cel existent in laptele de mama si in limitele admise de normele internationale.
Mineralele care se gasesc in procent mare in laptele de vaca si care ar putea dauna organismului imatur al copilului (ex. sodiul), sunt scazute in concentratie.
Pentru ca digestia copilului este foarte importanta, au fost adaugate in formulele de lapte probiotice sau prebiotice.
Prebioticele sunt oligozaharide prezente si in laptele matern si sunt mai stabile decat probioticele. Sunt nedigerabile si actioneaza delicat asupra intestinului, favorizand dezvoltarea unei flore intestinale similare cu cea a bebelusilor alaptati.
Ele imbunatatesc tranzitul intestinal, avand o influenta pozitiva asupra scaunelor bebelusului. Acestea devin mai moi si mai frecvente, similare cu ale sugarilor alaptati la san. In plus, au efect de stimularea imunitatii si previn invazia bacteriilor nocive asupra intestinului.
Este bine sa folositi aceste formule de lapte pana la 12 luni, minim. Laptele de vaca nu este acceptat in alimentatia copilului sub 1 an.
Conform ultimelor descoperiri stiintifice in domeniu, laptele de vaca poate fi introdus abia dupa 3 ani. Aceasta masura se ia pentru a preintampina efectelele sale nocive in viata micutilor, efecte printre care putem numara intensificarea alergiilor dermatologice, respiratorii sau digestive.
Calitatea formulelor de lapte Humana 2 si Humana 3 face ca bebelusii alimentati artificial sa nu fie diferiti din punct de vedere al dezvoltarii neuropsihice, motorii si nici ca scor ponderal, de cei care sunt alimentati cu lapte de mama.
Dr. Oana Gheorghiu medic specialist medicina de familie
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